AI 2009 - Handout 2 First-Order Logic
نویسنده
چکیده
A proposition is an entity that can be true or false; according to the German philosopher Gottlob Frege, it is the thought expressed by a sentence. In the propositional calculus we consider atomic sentences as units which cannot be further analysed: “it rains”, “water freezes at 0 degrees Celsius at the sea level”, “it snows”, “there is ice”. There is an atomic sentence which is always false, denoted by ⊥. Moreover sentences are built from atoms though logical connectives not, and, or, implies, according to the grammar
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